The city received extensive post-1945 reconstruction work. During the later years of World War II, it sustained severe damage from Allied bombing as they invaded the peninsula. Between 19, Naples was expanded and upgraded by Benito Mussolini's government. The city has long been a global point of reference for classical music and opera through the Neapolitan School. It was also an important centre of humanism and Enlightenment. Naples is also considered a capital of the Baroque, beginning with the artist Caravaggio's career in the 17th century, and the artistic revolution he inspired.
It served as the capital of the Duchy of Naples (661–1139), then of the Kingdom of Naples (1282–1816), and finally of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861.
The city was an important part of Magna Graecia, played a major role in the merging of Greek and Roman society, and was a significant cultural centre under the Romans. In the 6th century BC, it was refounded as Neápolis. In the ninth century BC, a colony known as Parthenope ( Ancient Greek: Παρθενόπη) was established on the Island of Megaride. Its province-level municipality is the third-most populous metropolitan city in Italy with a population of 3,115,320 residents, and its metropolitan area stretches beyond the boundaries of the city wall for approximately 20 miles.įounded by Greeks in the first millennium BC, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world. Naples ( / ˈ n eɪ p əl z/ Italian: Napoli ( listen) Neapolitan: Napule ) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 967,069 within the city's administrative limits as of 2017.
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